brotherhood



5 Sheets-She-et 1.

'Patented Dec. 6, 1881.

RBRoTH-ERHOOD. RIUE POUNDING MACHINERY.

(No Model.)

NAO. 250,340.

W11 ESSL'S L QM.

(No Model.) I l 5 Sheets-Sheet 2A F. BROTHERHOOD.

RICE POUNDING MACHINERY. No. 250,340. Patented Dec. 6,1881."

N PEYERs PlwwLm-ognpner. wnhinglm u. c.

5`Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Dec.A 6,1881.`

F. BROTHERHOOD. i RIGB'PUUNDING MAGHINERY.

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

Patented Dea. 6,1881.

(No Model.)

F. BROTHERHOOD.

RICE POUNDING MAGHINIEIRY.v No. 250,340.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.

FRED BROTHERHOOD, OF CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TOJAMES BROTHERHOOD, OF STRATFORD, CANADA.

RICE-POUNDING MACHINERY.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 250,340, dated December6, 1881,

Application filed September 13, 1881.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRED BROTHERHOOD, ofthe city ot'Charleston, intheState of South Carolina, have invented certain new and use- 5 fulImprovements in Rice-Founding Machinery, ot' which the following is aspecication.

My invention relates to improvements in mills for pounding and cleaningrice of the class having pestles which are lifted and rero leased inrapid succession, that they may fall by gravity repeatedly and at shortintervals into the rice to be treated in mortars, my inventionespecially pertaining to that particular type ot' this class of mills inwhich the pestles I are actuated by in terinittingly-operatinggriping-rolls or revolving nippers acting on lifters or lifting-boards,to which the pestles are attached. Letters Patent of the United StatesNo. 210,002 were granted to me November 19, 2o 1878, fora machine oftheclass, generally speaking, to which my present improvements apply.

My objects are to provide improved gripingrolls or revolving nippers,and mechanism by which to adjust them and control their action upon thelifter, while admitting of the desirable amount of yield orself-adjustment of the rolls in the pressure or gripe upon the lifter;to avoid breaking orinjuriouslystrainingeither the gripingrolls or theirsupports or attach- 3o ments, to so constrncta lifter and adaptgriping-rolls to act thereon thatthe lifter shall be tightly griped byor compressed between the rolls at the commencement of their action uponit, and afterward act with gradually-decreasin g 3 5 pressure, soavoiding slip of the rolls upon the lifter in starting it, whileavoiding unnecessary strain and undue/wear ot' parts after inertia hasbeen overcome; to provide simple means for arresting the action of alifter when it may 4o be desired to hold it out of operation; tofacilitate the operation of the pestle upon the mass of rice in a mortarby presenting different grains or portions of thc mass to the action ofa pestle upon its successive descents;

to providefor rapidly discharging the contents of a mortar, and admit ofthe mortar being readily cleaned.

The accomplishment of the above-referredto desiderata is provided forbya novel organi- (No model.)

zation ot' mechanism and certain combinations 5o of devices, which willbe hereinafter fully described, preparatory to designation of thesubject-matter claimed.

The accompanying drawings show all those parts of a complete machinewhich are needed for illustration of a suitable adaptation of myimprovements to a power-driven mill of the type in which the overhead orelevated mortars have openings in their bottoms through which thepestle-lifters work. Some of my im- 6o provements-essential andco-operatin g parts of my inventionmay be used in hand-driven mills, aswell as in other machines differing in construction in various respectsfrom that shown and hereinafter speciically described.

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation, showing in dotted lines some ot1the parts obscured by, the frame-Work, &c. Fig.2 is a front elevation.Fig. 3 is a view on an enlarged scale, partly in side elevation andpartly in section, on the 7o line 3 3 of Fig. 6, showing thegriping-rolls, lit'ter, pestle-arresting lever, &c. Fig. 4 is asectional view of the pestle, with a portion of its shank orprolongation of the lit'terin elevation. Fig. 5 is a View showing someof the 75 parts illustrated by Fig. 3, but in different positions. Fig.6 is a view, partly in plan and partly in section, on the line 6 6 ofFig. 3. Fig.

7 is a view, partly in plan and partly in section,

on the lines 7 7 of Figs. 1 and 2, showing de- 8o tails of the liftercross-head, its guideways, the frame, the pestle-arrestin g lever andits eccentric for acting on the cross-head. Fig. 8

is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, as indicated bythe line 8 S of Fig. 7, 85 showing portions of the pestle-lit'ter andthe pestle-shank, of piston-rod form, andthe manner of connecting theseparts to the cross-head. Fig. 9 is a View, partly in eleva-tion andpartly in section, on the line 9 9 of Fig. 10, showing 9o portions of amortar, its supporting-frame, the pestle-slide, and the pestle. Fig. 10is a view, partly in plan and partly in section, on the line l0 10 ofFig. 9. Fig. 11 is a plan view, showing a mortar as provided with aloosely-.supported self-ad]- ustin g band or rice-turning ring. Fig. 12is a view,partly inelevation and partly in section, on theline 12 12 ot'Fig. 11. Fig. 13

is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, showing amodilication of the griping rolls or nippers for acting on the lifter.

A suitable supporting frame, A, is constructed in skeleton form, or soas to provide an unobstructed central space or vertical passage betweenthe frame-uprights for the pestlelifter B to work endwise in, as guidedin its movements by its cross-head B. Guideways a a, on theframe t theguide-grooves b b ot the cross-head.

The mortar C is supported upon the top or plate Al of the frame, and isprovided, as usual in this type of mills, with a central openingin itsbottom, through which projects the rod or shank C of the pestle B2.

The pestle sh ank and lifter are connected with the cross-head B in suchmanner that they Vmay bc detached therefrom when separation of the partsis desirable. The connection of the cross-head, pestle-shank, andlifting-board B is made, as clearly shown in Fig. 8, in the followingway: The pestle-sha-nk is formed of a rod having a head or enlargement,b', at its lower end, and the cross-head is formed with an openingextending through it vertically, or from end to end. rlhe lower partot'this opening for, say, halt' or two-thirds the length of the cross-head,is of larger area than the opening through the top or upper end of thecrosshead. The diameter of the opening is suddenly contracted where thesmaller portion merges in the larger portion,thus forming a shoulder, c.The lower part of thelarger opening is flaring to form a taperingsocket, into which the correspondingly-shaped end of the lifter iswedged and secured by a cross-pin or bolt and nut after the shank C hasbeen slipped into the cross-head opening from below, so as to bring theshank-head b between the shoulder c and the end c ofthe lifter after thelatteris inserted. Endwise movement of the pestleshank independently ofthe movements ofthe lifter and cross-head is thus provided for. Anexpansive or thrust spring,D, rests at its lower end in an annularsocket, cl, in the top of the cross-head, around its central opening,and at its upper end the spring bears against a collar, D', on thepestle-shank. For the purpose of securing a very strong connectionbetween the collar D and shank C the former is made with a thread tomatch a screw upon the latter, and apin, d', prevents the turning ofthis collar-nut D upon the shank. The spring D prevents injury arisingfrom violent concussion or too sudden and unyielding action upon thepestle through the lifter by the gripingrolls, presently to bedescribed. It will readily be understood that the resistance to motionof the pestle when the lifting-board is suddenlyv I have found itpreferable to employ symmetrical or truly cylindrical griping-rollsinstead of lifting-cams or eccentric griping-rolls, such as shown inmybefore-referred-to patent, and to have one an idle-roll and the other`a positively-driven roll, instead of two geared or positively-actuatedrolls. The idlerol1 is caused, by suitable cam-actuated mechanismconnecting it with the driven roll, to approach and bear against or torecede from and occupy a position clear of the lifter, according toWhether the lifter is to be griped or pressed upon on opposite sides bythe griping-rolls or is to be released and allowed to drop. Theintermittingly-acting griping-rolls, their connecting mechanism,supports, &c., will now be described in their order.

A driving or main shaft, E, provided with a band-wheel or itsequivalent, is suitably mounted in the main frame A. One of the pair ofbearings, e c, for the driving-shaft is clearly shown in Fig. 1.Apositively-actuate'd roll, E', is fastened to the driving-shaft, and atthe opposite sides or faces of this roll cams G Gr, of less diameterthan the roll, are also fastened to this shaft. These cams may be madequite small-say of halt' or even less than half the size ot" the rollE-and are exactly alike and correspondingly arranged upon the shaft atthe sidesof the roll.

A vibrating bifurcated frame is jointed at the extremities or lower endsot' its arms H H to the supporting-frame A by suitable pivots, lt h, sothat it mayrock vertically. The arms of this frame are shown as curvedaway from the roll E', or bent outward from or near their centers.Rollers gg are mounted, one upon each arm, at the angles or midway thecurves of the arms, and these rollers respectively bear upon theperipheries of the respective cams G Gr. The forked frame is shown asmade in three parts or sections, consisting of the two arms H H, and apivoted cross-bar or connecting-top portion, H', trunnioned at its endsin the tops of the arms, so as to be free to rock independently ofthe'frame-arms. rllhe rocking frame, bridge-piece, or cross-har H has anopening through it in which a sleeve, I, is supported, so as to be freeto turn and move endwise in the bearing-opening. A hand-wheel,

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I', is fastened at one end to the sleeve I, and

a removably secured collar, t', is fastened to the other or inner end ofthe sleeve. That the sleeve I may be moved endwise along a rod, I2,which constitutes the shank or controlling-arm of a yoke, J, to bedescribed farther on, the hub of the hand-wheel is either provided witha screw-thread to match a thread upon the yoke-shank, or with a nut, i',(see Fig. 13,) which is firmly secured in arecess in the handwheel hub.The sleeve I may be moved in* ward or outward by turning the hand-wheelin the proper direction, and the frame H H H rocked so as to cause itsrollers g g to move toward or away from the cams G G. Twothrust-springs, G g', upon the sleeve I, bear at the inner or adjacentends upon the opposite at such point is obviouslyY greater than thatexerted upon it elsewhere, as the spring G has to yield and becompressed and therefore exert its greatest force to draw the idle-rollagainst t-he lifter at the time that this roll is forced, in adjustingitself to the lifter, to occupy a position farther away from the roll Ethan at other times. The proper degree of pressure upon the lifter bythe griping-rolls is thus exerted at a time when the greatest power isrequired, and slip or yield prevented.. Proper action of thegriping-rolls upon the lifter in starting is greatly aided by decreasingthe effect ot inertia, or aiding the rolls to overcome it by theemployment of the spring D. Another advantage arising from thearrangement of this spring in the manner before explained is that inevent of overspeeding the rolls, so that they catch the litter on itsdescent, the concussion is greatly lessened and liability of breakage ofparts reduced to the minimum, for, when the'lit'ter is suddenly arrestedin its drop, the unyielding weight only of the lifter and crosshead hasto be sustained, the movement of the pestle and its rod being graduallyarrested as the spring D yields and allows ofthe endwise movement of thepestle-rod independently of the cross-head and lifter. The weight ot thepestle and lifter being considerable results in frequent breakage ofparts, particularly when cams are employed to operate the lifter, whenthe cams are brought to act upon the board too quickly or before it hasfully dropped.

In order to arrest the movement of the lifting-board and pestle, or tostop any one of a series of pestlesdriven from a connnon shaft withoutstopping the driving-shaft orinterfi-ring with the operations of otherpestles of a series, a segmental cam or eccentric, L, operated by alever, L', is pivoted in a suitable way, as by a tie-rod or cross-shaftl, of the frame A, and in such relation to the crosshead, when elevated,that it may be caused to bear thereon and force or jam ittightly againstits guideways, so as to create sufficient frictional contact between thecross-head and guideways to prevent movement ot' the lifter. ln Figs. 1and 2 this lifter arresting and supporting eccentric L is shown in itsinoperative position,and in Fig. 3 itis shown in operation.

Any suitable means may be employed for supporting the operating-lever Lin position to hold the eccentric against accidental operation. lnthisinstance a rest or bracket,M, is employed. llhe lever rests insidethe lug fm ofthe bracket. When itis desired to stop and hold up alifter, thelever is seized,and by raising and then forcing or springingit sidewise is cleared of the rest. The cross-head, if already elevated,will catch upon the eccentric at the commencement of its descent, and ifascending will first act upon and rock the eccentric out of the way andthen engage it.

A projection, N, on the side of the crosshead affords a hold for alever, by which to raise the lifter to a position higher than that atwhich it may be supported by the4 eccentric L, and thus, if desirable,elevate thelifter clear of or above the griping-rolls at its lower end.Any suitable bar or lever may be rested or fulcrumed upon the tie-rod lof the frame, with its end under the projection N, and the lever may bemade heavy enough or of length sufficient to hold up the lifter.

Itis obvious that the griping rolls or nippers may be thrown out ofaction upon the lifter by adjusting the hand-wheel I in asuitable way,so as to relieve the rocking frame or free it from pressure by thespring G', and thus prevent the adjustment of the idle nipper-roll,which is necessary to cause itto act.

The mortar C is provided with a discharge opening or chute, O, at oneside of the center of its bottom. (See Figs. 1, 9, and 10.) A slide,O,is fitted between guide anges or brackets o 0 on the mortar, and worksin an opening terminating in the mortar above the chute Awedge, P,passing through holesin the guideway-lugs o o and bearing against ashoulder, p, of the slide, serves to hold the slide in place. By formingthe discharge-opening low down or close to the center of the bottom ot'the mortar the grain can readily be run out. It should be noticed thatthe inner end ot the slide is curved to correspond with the shape of themortar-bottom,and that the slide is supported at its extreme inner endby a seat, o. It is thus firmly supported against the blows of thepestle and pressure ot' the grain. The mortar is provided with aturning-ring or device, by which the portion ot" grain directly beneaththe pestle, when it strikes a blow, is

-directed toward the sides ot the mortar and loosely or without anysupport upon the mass of grain, or a ring rigidly secured in place inthe mortar, I provide, as shown in Figsll and 12, a series of arms, Q,say, three, which are curved and secured at top to the mortar, and areprovided with stops q at bottom to prevent the ring Q from falling offthe skeleton supporting and guiding frame thus formed. The ring isattached to this frame by means of suitable bearlng clips or eyes,q. Thearrows indicate the circuit or movementimparted to the rice by the ringand pestle.

As advantages arising from the use of aring supported as just described,instead of a loose ring or one merely resting on aud supported by therice, or a rigidly-supported ring, it may be mentioned that it does notget out of center or under the pestle., nor become tilted, as a ringlaid on the rice withoutguide or support is liable to, nor does my ringalways occupy a xed relation to the mortar regardless of the amount ofrice or its shrinkage as operated upon, but, on the contrary, followsthe rice as it shrinks, always operating uniformly, which is not thecase with lixed rings.

1n Fig. 13 is illustrated a modification by IOO stead of a cylindricalroll.

which a cam roll or eccentric is employed in- In this way the advantagesarising fromthe employment of my system of nipping-rolls and the use ofthe tapered or iieXible lifting-board are retained, while giving agreater pressure upon the lifter after starting them by the preferredconstruction hereiubefore in detail explained.

It is obvious that any desired numberof pestles may be operated from thesingle drivingshaft merely by duplicating the parts, that hand-power maybe adapted to work small mills constructed in accordance withmyinvention, and that, instead of elevated or overhead mortars andthrusting-pestles, low-down mortars, With the driving mechanism above tolift the pestles by pulling instead of thrusting, may be used inconnection with essential features of my improvements.

l am aware that itis old,broadlyconsidered, to support one of a pair ofgriping-rolls or revolving nippers in a cam-actuated vibrating frame,and to intermittingly actuate such roll or nipper so as to cause it toapproach and recede from the other roll of the pair, as well as to holdthe adjustable roll up to its work with yielding pressure, and thereforeI do not unqualifiedly claim griping-rolls so supported and actuated;neither do I broadly ela-im the employment of aspring in connection witha lifter to relieve shocks, e., lnor the employment of a lever to arrestand hold up a lifter, nor a mortar provided with a discharge-opening andmeans for closing it, as such features and constructions, unqualitiedlyconsidered, are older than my invention.

I claim as of my own inventionl. The combination, with agripingroll-actuated rising an d falling lifter, of an idle orintermittingly-operated griping-roll, a controllingframe, rollersrigidly attached to said frame, the shaft of the idle-rolleccentricallymounted in said rollers,and means by which to rockthe rollers andthereby cause theidle-roll automatically to bear against or vibrate awayfrom the lifter, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore setforth.

2. The combination ofthe positively-actuated roll, the idler orintermittingly-actuated roll, its controlling-frame, rollers rigidlysecured to said frame, the shaft of the idleroll mounted eccentricallyin said rollers, a counter-balance acting with a tendency to rock saidrollers in a direction such as to move the idle-roll away from thepositively-driven roll,

and a controller bywhich to cause the idle-roll to approach thepositively-driven roll automatically and at intervals, substantially asand for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a pairof griping-rolls, one of which is positively driven, cams by the sidesof and rotating with said positively-actuated roll, an eccentricactuating rocking-frame ad- 6 5 justably supporting the other -roll ofthe pair,

and cam-actuated connecting mechanism by which said adjustable roll ismoved toward and away from the positively-driven roll, and thusintermittingly brought into position to co-operate with the driven roll,for the purpose described.

4. The combination of the driving-shaft, the i griping-roll fastthereon, the cams at the sides ot` said roll revolving with the driving-shaft, the vibrating frame actuated by said cams, theeccentrically-mounted adjustable griping-roll', and the controller oryoke connected with the adjustable support of said roll, and yieldinglyconnected with the' cam -actuated vibrating frame, substantially as andfor the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thedriving-shaft, the roll thereon, the cams, the vibrating frame, itsrollers acted upon by the cams, the trunnioned cross-barr of thevibratinglframe,`the adjustable sleeve passing through said bar, theadjustable roll, the rod or yoke-shank'by which the adjustment of saidroll is controlled, and the spring acting upon the vibratin g frame topress the rollers thereof against the cams on the driving-shaft, for thepurpose described.

6. The combination of the positively-actuated griping-roll, theadjustable idle-roll, the cams at the sides of the positively-drivenroll, the vibrating frame actuated by said cams, the yoke by which toadjust the idle-roll, its rod or shank, the sleeve thereon, thehand-wheel, and the spring bearing at its opposite ends against thehand-wheel and against the pivoted cross-bar of the cam-actuatedvibrating frame, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore setforth.

7. The combination of the frame, the crosshead, the lifter tapered toreduceits thickness gradually from a point near the cross-head to itsopposite or free end, and the griping-rolls, as and for the purpose setforth.

8. The lifter cut away next the cross-head and tapered to graduallyincrease its thickness from its free end to said cut-away part, as andfor the purpose described.

9. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thelifter, the pestle, the positively-actuated griping-roll, theintermittngly-acting griping-roll, and cam-actuated connecting mechanismbetween said rolls to move the idle-roll up to the lifter at intervals,as described.

10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thelift-er, griping-rolls by which it is actuated, the lifter cross-head,the pestle, its rod supported by and movable endwise independently ofthe cross-head, and theaspring for relieving concussion upon the rollsand aiding in overcoming inertia in starting the lifter and itsattachments.

1l. LThe combination of the lifter cross-head provided with an endwiseand shouldered opening, the headed rod fitted thereon, the collar onsaid rod, and the spring` interposed between the collar and cross-head,substanf tially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

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12. The combination of the cross-head provided with an endwise andshouldered opening, the lifter fitted in the enlarged Haring end of saidopening, the headed rod or shank tted and movable endwisein the smallerend of said opening, and having its head confined between the lifter endand shoulder of the opening, and the spring acting at one end againstthe shank and hearing at its opposite end upon the cross-head,substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

13. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thesupporting-frame, the lifter, thecross-head, the eccentric acting on thecross-head, and its controlling-lever.

14. The combination of the supportin g-frame, the lifter, thecross-head, the eccentric mounted upon a cross-shaft or tie-rod of theframe, the lever, and the rest for the lever, substantially as and forthe purpose hereinbefore set forth.

15. The combination of the griping-rolls,

the supporting-frame, the pestle, the lifter, and the cross-headprovided with the projection by which the lifter may be raised clear ofthe griping-rolls, as described.

16. The combination of the mortar having the discharge-opening in itsbottom close to its center, the slide, the guideWay-flanges therefor,and the Wedge passing through said flanges and acting upon the shoulderof the slide, as and for the purpose described.

17. The combination of the mortar, the riceturning ring, and theskeleton supporting and guiding frame therefor, substantially as and forthe purpose hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this Sth day ot'September, A. D. 1881.

FRED BROTHERHOOD.

Witnesses:

A. G. Rosn, LLoYD B. WIGHT.

